Stories · 1883

To Speak or to Be Silent?

Говорить или молчать? (сказка)

Headnote

1 To Speak or to Be Silent? (A Fable) (“Govorit’ ili molchat’? (Skazka)” in the original) appeared in 1883, one of the many brief comic pieces Chekhov turned out in his first years of professional writing for the Moscow and Petersburg humor magazines, signed, as most of this early work was, “Antosha Chekhonte.” It belongs to the smallest and fastest of his forms: the anecdote-sketch built on a single reversible proposition, worked out in barely a page.

The premise is a piece of received wisdom – that the talkative man prospers and the silent man is left behind – set up, tested, and then turned exactly on its head. Kruger, glib and successful with women, lectures his tongue-tied friend Smirnov on the uselessness of silence; Smirnov takes the lesson to heart, opens his mouth to a stranger on a train, and pays for it with two years of unspecified suffering, evidently at the hands of the tsarist political police, from which he returns unrecognizably wasted. The fable’s moral, delivered by the same friend who caused the disaster, simply reverses the opening maxim without a flicker of irony on the surface.

Chekhov styles the piece deliberately as a folk tale – the fairy-tale opening formula, the two-line moral at the close – and lets that frame carry weight the text itself never states outright: silence, not talkativeness, is survival, and the omission of any explanation for Smirnov’s disappearance is the joke’s entire engine. The tone stays light and brisk throughout, in the manner of the earliest sketches, but the unexplained two years are the kind of quiet, load-bearing detail that Chekhov’s mature fiction would return to on a much larger scale.

(A fable)
(Сказка)
In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there once lived two friends: Kruger and Smirnov. Kruger was gifted with brilliant mental powers; Smirnov, for his part, was not so much clever as meek, mild, and weak-willed. The first was talkative and eloquent; the second was silent.
В некотором царстве, в некотором государстве жили-были себе два друга: Крюгер и Смирнов. Крюгер обладал блестящими умственными способностями, Смирнов же был не столько умен, сколько кроток, смирен и слабохарактерен. Первый был разговорчив и красноречив, второй же – молчалив.
Once the two of them were riding in a railway carriage and trying to win over a certain young lady. Kruger sat beside the young lady and scattered himself before her like a fawning little devil, while Smirnov kept silent, blinking his eyes and licking his lips with longing. At one station Kruger got out of the carriage with the young lady and was gone a long while. When he came back, he winked and clicked his tongue.
Однажды оба они ехали в вагоне железной дороги и старались победить одну девицу. Крюгер сидел около этой девицы и рассыпался перед ней мелким бесом, Смирнов же молчал, мигал глазами и с вожделением облизывался. На одной станции Крюгер вышел с девицей из вагона и долго не возвращался. Возвратившись же, мигнул глазом и прищелкнул языком.
“And how deftly you manage it, brother!” said Smirnov with envy. “And how you know how to do it all! No sooner had you sat down beside her than it was already done... Lucky fellow!”
– И как это у тебя, брат, ловко выходит! – сказал с завистью Смирнов. – И как ты всё это умеешь! Не успел подсесть к ней, как уж и готово... Счастливчик!
“And why do you go on yawning? You sat with her for three hours and didn’t say a single word! Silent as a log! Silence, brother, will get you nothing in this world! You must be brisk, talkative! Nothing ever succeeds for you, and why? Because you’re a rag!”
– А ты чего же зеваешь? Сидел с ней три часа и хоть бы одно слово! Молчит, как бревно! Молчанием, брат, ничего не возьмешь на этом свете! Ты должен быть боек, разговорчив! Тебе ничто не удается, а почему? Потому что ты тряпка!
Smirnov agreed with these arguments and resolved in his soul to change his character. An hour later, having overcome his timidity, he sat down beside some gentleman in a blue suit and began talking with him briskly. The gentleman turned out to be a very talkative man and at once began putting questions to Smirnov, chiefly of a scientific character. He asked him how he liked the earth, the sky, whether he was satisfied with the laws of nature and of human society, touched lightly on European free-thinking, on the position of women in America, and so on. Smirnov answered cleverly, eagerly, and with delight. But imagine, if you will, his astonishment when the gentleman in the blue suit, taking him by the arm at one of the stations, smiled slyly and said:
Смирнов согласился с этими доводами и решил в душе изменить свой характер. Через час он, поборов робость, подсел к какому-то господину в синем костюме и стал с ним бойко разговаривать. Господин оказался очень словоохотливым человеком и тотчас же начал задавать Смирнову вопросы, преимущественно научного свойства. Он спросил его, как ему нравится земля, небо, доволен ли он законами природы и человеческого общежития, коснулся слегка европейского свободомыслия, положения женщин в Америке и проч. Смирнов отвечал умно, охотно и с восторгом. Но каково, согласитесь, было его удивление, когда господин в синем костюме, взяв его на одной станции за руку, ехидно улыбнулся и сказал:
“Follow me.”
– Следуйте за мной.
Smirnov followed and vanished, no one knew where. Two years later he met Kruger again, pale, wasted, thin as a fish’s skeleton.
Смирнов последовал и исчез, неизвестно куда. Через два года он встретился Крюгеру бледный, исхудалый, тощий, как рыбий скелет.
“Where have you been keeping yourself all this time?!” Kruger asked in astonishment.
– Где ты пропадал до сих пор?! – удивился Крюгер.
Smirnov smiled bitterly and described to him all the sufferings he had endured.
Смирнов горько улыбнулся и описал ему все пережитые им страдания.
“Well, don’t be a fool, don’t chatter more than you need to!” said Kruger. “Keep your tongue behind your teeth – that’s the thing!”
– А ты не будь глуп, не болтай лишнего! – сказал Крюгер. – Держи язык за зубами – вот что!

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