Letter · 1891

To A. S. Suvorin, 17 December 1891. Moscow.

А. С. СУВОРИНУ, 17 декабря 1891 г. Москва.

Headnote

Checked against the source for genuine multi-item concatenation (the failure mode seen elsewhere in this corpus) – none found; this is one letter.

Dating and setting: 17 December 1891, written from Moscow, to Alexei Sergeyevich Suvorin.

The bulk of the letter is detailed editorial advice on a story of Suvorin’s, evidently a piece turning on a ghostly visitation. Chekhov argues at length that a maidservant character should be cut entirely, on the grounds that her presence is an unmotivated coincidence that both overcomplicates an already tangled plot and drains its tension; he insists nothing need be explained to the reader, since Suvorin’s own skill and the story’s dialogue already point the reader toward an ambiguity about the nervous system and unexplained phenomena, without anyone stopping to ask overt "why." He works through the story’s internal logic character by character: why the dead Varya appears to the character Vitalin (she left too forceful, too commanding a memory of herself not to haunt him), and why the character Natasha currently reads as unclear (Suvorin, he suggests, tired by the end of the draft and didn’t fully work out her motivation) – proposing that Natasha be made to love Vitalin jealously and to know of his past affair with Varya, so that her nighttime visions of Varya become legible to the reader. He closes the editorial section with a macabre suggested twist: that Vitalin, groping in the dark, mistakenly embraces a skeleton instead of Natasha, so that she wakes to find the skeleton beside her in bed and Vitalin dead on the floor.

Business follows: Chekhov says he’ll think over a Moscow feuilleton Suvorin has evidently proposed, but that he would rather write a Christmastide story (a seasonal genre-piece tied to the Orthodox Christmas season, a recurring commission Chekhov both wrote and grumbled about across these years). He reports having sent along a story by a writer named Povodov for Suvorin to look over, asking for proof if it’s accepted, and mentions in passing that he has written a vaudeville and, with wry exaggeration, that he has gotten through "a hundred pood" of paper that year (roughly 3,600 pounds – a pood being an old Russian unit of weight, about 16.4 kg). The letter closes with a brief blessing, the signature, and a final, unexplained joke at the expense of the writer Ivan Leontyev, who wrote under the pen name Shcheglov and whom Chekhov addressed elsewhere in the corpus by the nickname "Jean" – here predicting, apropos of nothing in the letter, that he’ll end up becoming a monastic abbot.

17 December 1891. Moscow.
17 декабря 1891 г. Москва.
17 Dec.
17 дек.
Out with the maid, out! Her appearance is unreal, because it’s a matter of chance and it too calls for explaining; it complicates a plot that’s tangled enough already, and above all – it cools things off. Drop her! And why explain anything to the public? She needs to be frightened and nothing more, she’ll grow interested and give it an extra thought... Thanks to your skill and to a few little exchanges that are in the story, no one will go looking for reasons; it will be clear to the reader that the whole matter lies in the mysteries of our nervous system and in those phenomena that haven’t yet been explained. Vitalin sees the dead Varya because she left behind a sharp, exceptional memory of herself; she was a strong, domineering nature, and the memory of her must be the same. Your Natasha isn’t clear, but that’s because by the end of the story you grew tired and didn’t work a few things out. Arrange it so that Natasha loves Vitalin passionately and is jealous of him over the past, arrange it so that she knows about Vitalin’s affair with Varya and knows that she was an extraordinary woman, then it will be clear to the reader why Varya appears to her at night. Still, do as you like, but out with the maid! Arrange it so that Vitalin makes use of Natasha and so that in the dark he accidentally embraces the skeleton instead of her, and so that Natasha, waking in the morning, sees a skeleton lying beside her on the bed, and on the floor – Vitalin, dead.
Горничную вон, вон! Появление ее нереально, потому что случайно и тоже требует пояснений; оно осложняет и без того сложную фабулу, а главное – оно расхолаживает. Бросьте ее! И для чего объяснять публике? Ее нужно напугать и больше ничего, она заинтересуется и лишний раз задумается... Благодаря Вашему уменью и кое-каким разговорцам, которые есть в рассказе, никто не станет искать причин; читателю ясно, что всё дело в тайнах нашей нервной системы и в тех явлениях, которые еще не объяснены. Виталин видит умершую Варю, потому что она оставила после себя резкое, исключительное воспоминание; она натура была сильная, властная, таковым же должно быть и воспоминание о ней. У Вас не ясна Наташа, но это оттого, что Вы к концу рассказа утомились и кое-чего не сообразили. Сделайте так, чтобы Наташа страстно любила Виталина и ревновала бы его к прошлому, сделайте, чтобы она знала о романе Виталина с Варей и знала бы, что это была необыкновенная женщина, тогда читателю будет ясно, почему к ней по ночам является Варя. Впрочем, как хотите, но горничную вон! Сделайте, чтобы Виталин употребил Наташу и чтобы он нечаянно в потемках вместо нее обнял скелет и чтобы Наташа, проснувшись утром, увидела рядом с собой на постели скелет, а на полу – мертвого Виталина.
I’ll think about the Moscow feuilleton. But I feel like writing a Christmastide story.
Насчет моск фельетона подумаю. Но мне хочется святочный рассказ написать.
Yesterday I sent you Povodov’s story. Have a look. If it’s fit to print, send the proof. And I’ve written a vaudeville. This year I’ve scribbled my way through a hundred pood of paper.
Вчера я послал Вам рассказ Поводова. Посмотрите. Если годится, то пришлите корректуру. А я водевиль написал. В этом году я 100 пудов бумаги исписал.
Keep well.
Будьте здоровы.
Yours, A. Chekhov.
Jean Shcheglov will end up becoming an abbot.
Жан Щеглов кончит тем, что соделается игуменом.

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To A. S. Suvorin, 17 December 1891. Moscow.

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